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​98. Hispanics had to be imported for
​El Pueblo de la Reina de Los
Ángeles

By Miguel Pérez

​
Back in 1781, when king Carlos III of Spain ordered the creation of a new California town, the Spanish Governor of Las Californias, Felipe de Neve, decided that it would be named "El Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles."

Neve selected a site near the  Porciuncula (Los Ángeles) River and laid out the town streets. In typical Spanish style, the layout consisted of an open central plaza, headed by a Catholic church and surrounded by buildings creating a town square. That square was then surrounded by streets that created a grid of rectangular land plots that were to be used for building homes and for farming.

​The problem was that there were no people for this town. They had to be imported from Mexico!

My, how things have changed!

​Neve recruited 11 families in Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, consisting of 11 men, 11 women and 22 children. He organized their journey and gathering at Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, from where they would begin their final nine-mile march to the site chosen for the new town.

Although they were all from the portion of New Spain that is now Mexico, their racial and ethnic composition was remarkably diverse. The 22 adult "pobladores" (settlers) included one Peninsular (Spaniard born in Spain), one Criollo (Spaniard born in New Spain), one Mestizo (mixed Spanish and Indian), two Negros (blacks of full African ancestry), eight Mulattos (mixed Spanish and black), and nine Indios (Native Americans).

Yet they are all considered Hispanics, because they came from an area of Mexico that had already undergone a century of cultural assimilation into a Spanish-speaking, racially and ethnically intermixed society. This is true of the earliest Hispanic settlers of the entire state of California, who were almost entirely from Sonora and Sinaloa.

Once they gathered at Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, after traveling more than 1,000 miles, the recruited pobladores were joined by four Spanish soldiers and two mission priests to make their last, historic nine-mile march to what is now downtown Los Ángeles.

​And so, 237 years ago today, on September 4, 1781, those 50 Hispanics of Native American, African and European decent created "The Town of the Queen of the Angels," what in now a city of almost 4 million people.

To celebrates its birthday, the City of Los Ángeles hosts an annual recreation of the journey of Los Pobladores, along the same historic route, from the mission to the center of the city, including some of the pobladores' descendants!

This year, although the actual birthday is today, September 4, the historic march took place last Saturday, Aug. 25. Starting from Mission San Gabriel, dozens of walkers and bikers took the three-hour trek to El Pueblo Historical Monument, a 44-acre park in downtown Los Ángeles near the site of Los Pobladores’ original settlement.

Along the way, for the last mile of their journey, they were joined by the annual Catholic procession from the Cathedral of Our Lady of Angels to Our Lady Queen of Angels Catholic Church, which presides over the plaza of at El Pueblo Historical Monument.

Although the original pueblo was built along the Los Ángeles River, to the southeast of the current plaza, the town was relocated to the Monument's current location, farther from the river, after the original pueblo was washed away by a flood in 1815.

Today, the Monument (or historic district) stands as the oldest section of the city. It features the city's oldest, historic buildings, surrounding an old Spanish plaza (built in the 1820s), which are now mostly museums and restaurants. The city's oldest surviving residence, Avila Adobe (1818), is here. And so is the city's oldest brick residence, Pelanconi House, (1850), which is now a Mexican Cafe called La Golondrina. It also features the Old Plaza Firehouse, built 1884 and operated until 1897, the oldest firehouse in the city and now a museum.

The Monument also includes the famous Olvera Street, a colorful, outdoor Mexican marketplace (created in 1930) that is one of the city's top tourist attractions.

Both King Carlos III and Governor Neve are honored with statues in the Monument's central plaza, where a plaque also displays the names of Los Pobladores and yet another statue honors Franciscan mission leader Father Junípero Serra.

​The entire district was designated as a state monument in 1953. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

The church, Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles, (Our Lady Queen of Angels), was founded by Franciscan Fray Luis Gil y Taboada on August 18, 1814, when California was still under Spanish rule. It was built using the adobe blocks from the ruins of the original 1784 church (part of an asistencia or sub-mission) that was there to assist the original pobladores. The completed new church was dedicated on December 8, 1822, and again rebuilt, using the original church materials, in 1861.

Designated as a California Historical Landmark, the church still offers masses in English and Spanish. And next to the church is La Placita, church grounds that are the site of many outdoor religious and ethnic festivals.

This historic district, especially the plaza, was the city's social and commercial center since the town was moved here shortly after the flood of 1815. It was "el centro del pueblo" under Spanish colonization (1781–1821), Mexican rule (1821–1847), U.S. takeover after 1847 and well into the 19th century. It is still the site of many ethnic celebrations, and the heart of the city's Hispanic community!
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En Español:
Los hispanos tuvieron que ser importados
​para El Pueblo ​de la Reina de Los Ángeles

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Nuestra Señora Reina de Los Ángeles

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Next,
Before we leave El Pueblo de Los
Ángeles Historical Monument, we must make a separate stop at one of its major attractions, La Plaza de Cultura y Artes, which is probably the best Mexican-American museum in the country. Stay tuned.


next chapter
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FOLLOW MY CALIFORNIA ROAD TRIP!

​82. International Friendship Park​​

83. Old Town San Diego State Historic Park

84. Cabrillo National Monument
​
85. It took more than two centuries


86. The Birthplace of the Spanish
​     Colonization of California


​87. 
Junípero Serra Museum Transcends
     the Story of a Great Man


​88. San Diego de Alcalá:
     California's First Spanish Mission


89. Old Mission (or Padre) Dam:
     California's First Aqueduct

​
​
90. Even at the beach in San Diego,
     you can't avoid Spanish history


​91. Chicano Park: Mexican-American history
​     painted under highway ramps


92. Balboa Park: Candy for your eyes
     amid a painful controversy!


​93. San Diego: An American Town Named After the Saint from Alcalá
93. 
San Diego: Un Pueblo Americano Lleva el Nombre del Santo de Alcalá

94. The King of the California Missions
​
94. El Rey de las Misiones ​de California


95. San Antonio de Pala: A Sub-Mission
to Reach ​the Natives of the Interior

95. San Antonio de Pala: Una Asistencia
para Alcanzar los Nativos del Interior

​​​
​96
. San Juan Capistrano: ​The Home
of the Missing ​Swallows from Argentina

​96. San Juan Capistrano: El hogar de las golondrinas desaparecidas de Argentina


​97. San Gabriel Arcangel
A Mission that Launched Cities
97. San Gabriel Arcangel

Una Misión que Lanzó Ciudades

98. Hispanics had to be imported for ​El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Ángeles
98. Los hispanos tuvieron que ser importados para El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Ángeles

​
​​​NEXT:
​
99. La Plaza de Cultura y Artes:
​​A walk through Mexican-American History

99. La Plaza de Cultura y Artes:
​
Un paseo por la historia mexicoamericana
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Please join our dialogue on Facebook / Por favor únete a nuestro diálogo en Facebook
Hidden Hispanic Heritage

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                   CHAPTERS/CAPITULOS

1. Our Pre-Mayflower Thanksgivings
Nuestros Días de Acción de Gracias Pre-Mayflower
               
2. A Tale of Two Cities
                 
3. Our Pre-Hispanic Heritage
              

4. The Black Legend Returns

4. La Leyenda Negra Regresa
                
5. Even on HBO, The Black Legend Lives
                   
6. Our Spanish Heritage
                     
7. Exalted or Offended?
                    
8. We are all 'Americanos'
                  
9. Latinos are Failing
                  
10. Hispanic, Columbus or Indigenous Day?
10. 
™Dia Hispano, De Colon o Indigena?
                   
11. Two Good Places to Rest
11. Dos buenos lugares para descansar
                  
12. Whitman's Prophetic Letter
12. La Carta Profética de Whitman
                  
13. America’s Cradle
13. La Cuna de America
                 
14. Our Quincentennial is Coming!

14. ´Nuestro Quinto Centenario Se Avecina!
                   
15. 
This chapter was merged with Chapter 29
                
16. A Time To Welcome the Spirits
                  
17. A Hispanic Christmas
17. Una Navidad Hispana
                  
18. JOSE MARTI:
     His Legacy Lives Here
     Su Legado Vive Aquí 
                
19. Hyphenated and Proud!
                   
20. Politicizing Education

21. Speak Any Spanish Lately?
              
22. Happy Three Kings Day!
22. ​
´Feliz Día de Reyes!
               
23. 
This chapter was merged with Chapter 29

24. A Long-Overdue Museum
                 
25. America's First Christmas was celebrated in Spanish
25. La Primera Navidad Americana fue celebrada en español

26. The Grand Canyon
and the Bucket List
 Of Hispanic Heritage
26. El Gran Canyon
y la Lista de Lugares de la Herencia Hispana

                  
27. Now That Fiesta Month Is Here,
Can We Talk About Heritage?

27. Ahora que el mes de fiesta hispana esta aquí,

​™Podemos hablar de nuestra herencia?
                  
28. Our Hispanic Heritage: On Exhibit and Yet Hidden
28. Nuestra Herencia Hispana: En Exhibición y Sin Embargo Oculta

29. Florida's Birthday Should Be a National Holiday

             
30. A Local Celebration that Should be National               

31. 
This chapter was merged with Chapter 30               
​

32. The Conveniently 'Forgotten War'
32. La Guerra Convenientemente Olvidada

33. Guantanamo Has a History  June 4, 2013

34. Exposing the Social Media Bigots  June 18, 2013
34. Exponiendo a los Intolerantes
     de los Medios Sociales June 18, 2013

35. Thinking of Cusi On the Fourth of July
35. Pensando en Cusi en el Cuatro de Julio

36. The Discovery of White Hispanics
36.  El Descubrimiento de los Hispanos Blancos

37. Let's Build a Timeline Of Hispanic-American History
37. Vamos a Construir una Cronología
     De la Historia Hispanoamericana

38. In the Name of Heritage
38. En el Nombre de la Herencia

39. Hispanics or Latinos?
39. ™Hispanos o Latinos?

40.  Hollywood's Hidden Hispanic Heritage
40. La Herencia Hispana Oculta en Hollywood

41. Obliviously Living in ‘The Land of Estevan Gomez’
41. Viviendo Inconscientemente
       En la ‘Tierra de Estevan Gómez’

42. Marking America's Birthplace
42. Marcando el Lugar de Nacimiento De Estados Unidos

43. Hispanics in Denial Should Be Infamous
43. Los Hispanos en Rechazo Deben Ser Infames

44. 
Gay Marriage's Hidden American History
      Started in Spanish
 CABEZA DE VACA'S JOURNEY
44. La Historia Oculta del Matrimonio Gay
      En América Comenzó en Español
        EL VIAJE DE CABEZA DE VACA​

45. Super Bowl Coke Commercial
       Draws Out Ugly Americans

45. Comercial de Coke en Super Bowl
     Hace Relucir a los Americanos Feos


46. 
The 'Discovery' of Self-Loathing Hispanics
46. El ‘Descubrimiento' de los
     Hispanos que se Auto Desprecian


THE GREAT HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TOUR 
June 2014 - January 2015


47. My Pilgrimage to San Xavier
47. Mi Peregrinaje a San Xavier

48. The Great Hispanic American History Tour
48. La Gran Gira por la Historia Hispanoamericana

49. On the Trail of Conquistadors
49. En el Camino de los Conquistadores

50. Beyond St. Augustine
50. Más Allá de San Agustín

51. A Hidden Hispanic Role Model
51. Un Modelo Hispano Oculto

52. The Hispanic Flank of the American Revolution
52. El Flanco Hispano de la Revolucion Americana
​

53. New Orleans Has a Spanish ‘Ne Sais Quoi’
53. Nueva Orleans Tiene Un ‘Ne Sais Quoi’ Español

54. Galveston: Still the Isle of Misfortune?

55. Extracting Compacted History
     Unveils Hidden Hispanic Heritage

56. 'Remember The Alamo' Was a Spanish Mission

57. San Antonio: The Showcase Of Our Hispanic Heritage

58. There Was Compassion On the Spanish Mission Trail

59. A Hidden Latina Role Model

60. Time Portals on the Road

61. The First Thanksgiving
     In the (Southwest) United States

62. The World's Biggest Statue
of a Nameless Horseback Rider


63. A River Runs Through Our Hispanic Heritage

64. A Beacon of Hope On a Border Mountaintop

65. A Mexican-American Town
65. Un Pueblo Mexico-Americano

66. The Crossroads of Conquistadors

67. Hiking In Search of Coronado's Trail

68. The Real American Pioneers

69. Keeping My Pledge to San Xavier

70. If They Knew Arizona's History,
     They Wouldn't Be So Xenophobic

71. 'Tucson' is a Spanish Adaptation

72. Under a Utah Lake, Hispanic Heritage Lives

73. A Hilltop View Of Hispanic Heritage

74. Searching for Coronado's Quivira

75. The Spanish Savior of St. Louis

76. 
Jefferson's Spanish Library

WASHINGTON, D.C.
February-June 2015

77. When Galvez Came to Congress
77. Cuando Gálvez Vino al Congreso


78. A Tour of Our Extraordinarily Hispanic U.S. Capitol

79. Searching for Not-S0-Hidden
Hispanic Heritage in Washington, DC


80. Smithsonian Omits Hispanics In U.S. History Exhibit
80. Smithsonian Omite a los Hispanos
     en Exhibición de Historia de EE.UU.
MIAMI - August 2015
​
81. Finding Dad in a Museum
81. Encontre a Mi Padre en un Museo


​CALIFORNIA ROAD TRIP - 2018
82. International Friendship Park ​at U.S.-Mexico Border
​- A Jagged Corner of the World


83. Old Town San Diego State Historic Park
​
84. Cabrillo National Monument

85. ​It took more than 2 centuries

86. Presidio Park: The Birthplace
of the Spanish Colonization of California


87. Junípero Serra Museum Transcends the Story of a Great Man

88. Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcalá:
California's First Spanish Mission


89. Old Mission (Padre) Dam: California's First Aqueduct

90. Even at the beach in San Diego, you can't avoid Spanish history

91. Chicano Park: Mexican-American ​painted under highway ramps

92. Balboa Park: Candy for your eyes amid a painful controversy!

93. San Diego: An American Town
Named After the Saint from Alcalá

93. San Diego: Un Pueblo Americano
Lleva el Nombre del Santo de Alcalá


94. San Luis Rey de Francia: The King of the California Missions
94. San Luis Rey de Francia: ​El Rey de las Misiones de California

95. San Antonio de Pala:
A Sub-Mission to Reach
 the Natives of the Interior
95. San Antonio de Pala:
Una Asistencia para Alcanzar los Nativos del Interior

96. San Juan Capistrano:
The Home of the Mission Swallows
 from Argentina
96. San Juan Capistrano:
El Hogar de las Golondrinas Desaparecidas ​de Argentina

97. San Gabriel Arcángel: A Mission that Launched Cities
97. San Gabriel Arcángel: Una Misión Que Lanzó Ciudades

98. El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Ángeles:
Hispanics had to be imported

98. El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Ángeles:
Hispanos tuvieron que sen importados


99. La Plaza de Cultura y Artes:
A Walk through Mexican-American History

99. La Plaza de Cultura y Artes:
Un Paseo por la historia 
​mexicoamericana


100. Strolling the Hispanic Walk of Fame
​100. Caminando por el Paseo Hispano de la Fama

101. San Fernando Rey de España Teaches
California's Colonial History

101. ​​San Fernando Rey de España Enseña
la historia colonial de California


​102. Mission San Buenaventura Survived Earthquakes and Pirates
102. Misión San Buenaventura Sobrevivió Terremotos y Piratas

​103. Father Serra Cross: On a hill,
​overlooking ​the land he shepherded

​103. La Cruz del Padre Serra: En una colina,
​con vistas a la tierra que pastoreaba


104. The Birthplace of Santa Barbara
104. El Lugar de Nacimiento de Santa Barbara

105. The Queen of the Spanish Missions
105. La Reina de las Misiones Españolas

106. Mission Santa Ines: Built to relieve other overcrowded missions
106. Misión Santa Inés: Construida para aliviar otras misiones superpobladas

107. Mission La Purísima Concepcion:
​Going back in time ​to Spanish California

107. Mision La Purísima Concepción:
Retrocediendo en ​el tiempo a la California española


XXX. Saluting an exile: ​Father Félix Varela
XXX. The Meaning of 'Sotomayor'
SPECIAL SECTIONS
• Great (pro-Hispanic) Americans
​
• 16th Century in the Hispanic American History Timeline
• 17th Century in the Hispanic American History Timeline
• 18th Century in the Hispanic American History Timeline
​
• Spanish-American expeditions before Jamestown
• NYC ​Hispanic Landmarks
• NYC Hispanic Art
• Do You Know/Sabes?
• Garita Art
​
• Do You Speak Spanglish?
HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY TIMELINE
​1513 Ponce de Leon Discovers North America, Names Her 'Florida'

April 22, 1513 ​Alaminos discovers the Gulf Stream

1517 De Cordoba, wounded in Yucatan, stops in Florida

1518 Grijalva Reaches Galveston Island

1519 De Pineda confirms Florida ​is not an island​

1521 Ponce de Leon Returns to Florida, Falls Mortally Wounded

1524-25 Estevan Gomez Explores North America's East Coast

1526 Ayllón lands in S.C., settles in Georgia


1528 Narváez expedition succumbs to storms and natives

1528-36 Cabeza de Vaca treks across North America

1537-42 Cabeza de Vaca Returns to Spain, Writes 'La Relación'

1539 De Niza Searches for Golden Cities of Cibola
​

1539-42 De Soto celebrates first American Christmas

1540 Hernando de Alarcon Reaches California

1540-42 Coronado Explores the Southwest,
Cardenas Discovers ​the Grand Canyon


1542-43  ​Cabrillo explores California coast​

1559 De Luna Builds Santa Maria de Ochuse​


1565 Pedro Menendez de Avilés Establishes San Agustin

1566 Santa Elena Built in South Carolina

1598 ​Juan de Oñate Explores New Mexico

1602 Sebastian Vizcaino ​explores the West Coast

1610 Pedro de Peralta establishes Santa Fe

1610-26 The Birth of San Miguel, oldest church in the U.S.A.

1613 Juan Rodriguez becomes the first Manhattan immigrant

1633 Misión San Luis de Apalachee is born in Tallahassee

​1682 San Antonio de la Ysleta becomes first mission in Texas

1691 Father Eusebio Kino builds Tumacácori and Guevavi

1692 ​Father Kino builds San Xavier del Bac 

1692 Diego de Vargas leads ​'Bloodless Reconquest" of Santa Fe

1695 Castillo de San Marcos ​Completed in St. Augustine

1718 Mission San Antonio de Valero is born
​- long before it became The Alamo
​

1738 Runaway slaves establish Fort Mose,
​the first free African-American community​


​1738 Francisco Menendez Leads Fort Mose

1742 Spanish Soldiers ​Open Fort Matanzas

1752 Spanish Soldiers Build Presidio de Tubac

1763 Spanish Florida Goes to England

1765 Juan Antonio Maria de Rivera ​explores ​Colorado and Utah
​
1769 
Father Serra opens ​San Diego de Alcalá,
California's first ​Spanish mission


1771 Father Serra establishes San Gabriel Arcángel

1772 Good hunting determines site
​of ​Misión San Luis Obispo de Tolosa


1775 Captain Hugh O’Connor
​builds Presidio San Agustin del Tucson


​1776-83 Hispanics in the American Revolution

1776 The Birth of San Francisco

1781 Spanish troops defeat the British, capture Pensacola

1781 Pobladores of Los Angeles are imported

1791 ​Alessandro Malaspina Alaska Reaches Alaska

1797 Fermín Francisco de Lasuén
Establishes Misión San Fernando Rey de España


1797 The Birth of Villa de Branciforte

Herencia Hispana Oculta de America:
La Lista de Lugares, Ideas, y Evidencia Historica para Reconectár a los Americanos con sus Raíces Hispanas

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America's Hidden Hispanic Heritage:
The Bucket List of Places, Ideas and Historical Evidence to Reconnect Americans with their  Hispanic Roots
  • HOME
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  • VIDEO LECTURES/CHARLAS
  • MY STUDENTS
  • MIGUELPEREZ.COM
  • ABOUT/SOBRE MIGUEL
  • VIDEOS WE LIKE
  • CONTACT US/CONTÁCTENOS
  • TIMELINE/CRONOLOGIA
  • THE HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORY MUSEUM
  • THE GREAT TOUR/LA GRAN GIRA
  • CALIFORNIA ROAD TRIP
  • NYC HISPANIC LANDMARKS
  • NYC HISPANIC ART
  • ON THE ROAD AGAIN
  • EN EL CAMINO OTRA VEZ
  • OUR MEDALLIONS SAGA